Today, I review, link to, and embed CDC‘s “Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021: Screening Recommendations and Considerations Referenced in Treatment Guidelines and Original Sources”.
All that follows is from the above resource.
See Google Search: how is chlamydia diagnosed?
Chlamydia Women
- Sexually active women under 25 years of age1
- Sexually active women 25 years of age and older if at increased risk*1
- Retest approximately 3 months after treatment2
- Rectal chlamydial testing can be considered in females based on reported sexual behaviors and exposure, through shared clinical decision between the patient and the provider2,3,4
Pregnant Women
- All pregnant women under 25 years of age1
- Pregnant women 25 years of age and older if at increased risk*1
- Retest during the 3rd trimester for women under 25 years of age or at risk2
- Pregnant women with chlamydial infection should have a test of cure 4 weeks after treatment and be retested within 3 months2
Men Who Have Sex with Women
- There is insufficient evidence for screening among heterosexual men who are at low risk for infection, however, screening young men can be considered in high prevalence clinical settings (adolescent clinics, correctional facilities, STI/sexual health clinic)1,5
Men Who Have Sex With Men
- At least annually for sexually active MSM at sites of contact (urethra, rectum) regardless of condom use2
- Every 3 to 6 months if at increased risk (i.e., MSM on PrEP, with HIV infection, or if they or their sex partners have multiple partners)2
Transgender and Gender Diverse Persons
- Screening recommendations should be adapted based on anatomy, (i.e., annual, routine screening for chlamydia in cisgender women < 25 years old should be extended to all transgender men and gender diverse people with a cervix. If over 25 years old, persons with a cervix should be screened if at increased risk.)2
- Consider screening at the rectal site based on reported sexual behaviors and exposure2
Persons with HIV
- For sexually active individuals, screen at first HIV evaluation, and at least annually thereafter2,6
- More frequent screening might be appropriate depending on individual risk behaviors and the local epidemiology2
See Google Search: How is Gonorrhea diagnosed
Gonorrhea Women
- Sexually active women under 25 years of age1
- Sexually active women 25 years of age and older if at increased risk*1
- Retest 3 months after treatment2
- Pharyngeal and rectal gonorrhea screening can be considered in females based on reported sexual behaviors and exposure, through shared clinical decision between the patient and the provider2,3,4
Pregnant Women
- All pregnant women under 25 years of age, and those 25 and older if at increased risk*1
- Retest during the 3rd trimester for women under 25 years of age or at risk2
- Pregnant women with gonorrhea should be retested within 3 months2
Men Who Have Sex with Women
- There is insufficient evidence for screening among heterosexual men who are at low risk for infection1
Men Who Have Sex With Men
- At least annually for sexually active MSM at sites of contact (urethra, rectum, pharynx) regardless of condom use2
- Every 3 to 6 months if at increased risk2
Transgender and Gender Diverse Persons
- Screening recommendations should be adapted based on anatomy (i.e., annual, routine screening for gonorrhea in cisgender women <25 years old should be extended to all transgender men and gender diverse people with a cervix. If over 25 years old, screen if at increased risk.)2
- Consider screening at the pharyngeal and rectal site based on reported sexual behaviors and exposure2
Persons with HIV
- For sexually active individuals, screen at first HIV evaluation, and at least annually thereafter2,6
- More frequent screening might be appropriate depending on individual risk behaviors and the local epidemiology2
See Google Search: How is Syphilis diagnosed?
Syphilis Women
- Screen asymptomatic women at increased risk (history of incarceration or transactional sex work, geography, race/ethnicity) for syphilis infection2,7
Pregnant Women
- All pregnant women at the first prenatal visit8
- Retest at 28 weeks gestation and at delivery if at increased risk due to geography or personal risk (substance use, STIs during pregnancy, multiple partners, a new partner, partner with STIs)2
Men Who Have Sex With Women
- Screen asymptomatic adults at increased risk (history of incarceration or transactional sex work, geography, race/ethnicity, and being a male younger than 29 years) for syphilis infection2,7
Men Who Have Sex With Men
- At least annually for sexually active MSM2
- Every 3 to 6 months if at increased risk2
- Screen asymptomatic adults at increased risk (history of incarceration or transactional sex work, geography, race/ethnicity, and being a male younger than 29 years) for syphilis infection2,7
Transgender and Gender Diverse People
- Consider screening at least annually based on reported sexual behaviors and exposure2
Persons with HIV
- For sexually active individuals, screen at first HIV evaluation, and at least annually thereafter2,6
- More frequent screening might be appropriate depending on individual risk behaviors and the local epidemiology2
See Google Search: How is Herpes diagnosed?
Herpes† Women
- Type-specific HSV serologic testing can be considered for women presenting for an STI evaluation (especially for women with multiple sex partners)2
Pregnant Women
- Routine HSV-2 serologic screening among asymptomatic pregnant women is not recommended. However, type-specific serologic tests might be useful for identifying pregnant women at risk for HSV infection and guiding counseling regarding the risk for acquiring genital herpes during pregnancy2
Men Who Have Sex with Women
- Type-specific HSV serologic testing can be considered for men presenting for an STI evaluation (especially for men with multiple sex partners)2
Men Who Have Sex With Men
- Type-specific serologic tests can be considered if infection status is unknown in MSM with previously undiagnosed genital tract infection2
Persons with HIV
- Type-specific HSV serologic testing should be considered for persons presenting for an STI evaluation (especially for those persons with multiple sex partners)2
See Google Search: How is Trichomonas diagnosed?
Trichomonas Women
- Consider screening for women receiving care in high-prevalence settings (e.g., STI clinics and correctional facilities) and for asymptomatic women at high risk for infection (e.g., women with multiple sex partners, transactional sex, drug misuse, or a history of STI or incarceration)2
Persons with HIV
- Recommended for sexually active women at entry to care and at least annually thereafter2,6
See Google Search: How is HIV diagnosed?
HIV Women
- All women aged 13-64 years (opt-out)‡9,10
- All women who seek evaluation and treatment for STIs2,10
Pregnant Women
- All pregnant women should be screened at first prenatal visit (opt-out)9, 10
- Retest in the 3rd trimester if at high risk (people who use drugs, have STIs during pregnancy, have multiple sex partners during pregnancy, have a new sex partner during pregnancy, live in areas with high HIV prevalence, or have partners with HIV)11
- Rapid testing should be performed at delivery if not previously screened during pregnancy10
Men Who Have Sex with Women
- All men aged 13-64 years (opt-out)‡9
- All men who seek evaluation and treatment for STIs2
Men Who Have Sex With Men
- At least annually for sexually active MSM if HIV status is unknown or negative and the patient or their sex partner(s) have had more than one sex partner since most recent HIV test2,10,12
- Consider the benefits of offering more frequent HIV screening (e.g., every 3–6 months) to MSM at increased risk for acquiring HIV infection.2
Transgender and Gender Diverse Persons
- HIV screening should be discussed and offered to all transgender persons. Frequency of repeat screenings should be based on level of risk2,12
