Today, I review and post links to articles on dementia imaging from Radiopaedia. In a search of dementia on Radiopaedia, there are 194 results listed.
What follows are links to some of the articles on the above list.
Dementia, relabelled major neurocognitive disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), is a clinical syndrome defined by progressive decline in one or more cognitive domains relative to a person’s premorbid functional level. To fulfill the criteria for dementia, the resulting cognitive impairment must significantly interfere with independence in performing activities of daily living 1,2.
Semantic dementia, also known as semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, is generally considered to be one of three subtypes of primary progressive aphasia, along with progressive non-fluent aphasia and logopenic dementia.
Logopenic dementia is an uncommon clinical variant of Alzheimer disease and is a subtype of primary progressive aphasia, which itself is a subtype of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).
Vascular dementia, also known as vascular cognitive impairment, is the second most common cause of dementia after the far more common Alzheimer disease. It is primarily seen in patients with atherosclerosis and chronic hypertension and results from the accumulation of multiple white matter lesio…
Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy,also known as Binswanger disease or small vessel dementia, refers to slowly progressive, nonhereditary, exclusively white-matter vascular dementia.
The causes of dementia can be remembered using the mnemonics: VANISHED DEMENTIA VANISHED V: vascular, vitamin deficiency: B1, B6, B12, folate A: Alzheimer disease, autoimmune: cerebral vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus N: normal pressure hydrocephalus, neoplasia I: infection, e.g. …
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), also known as Lewy body disease, is a neurodegenerative disease (a synucleinopathy to be specific) related to Parkinson disease. Epidemiology Dementia with Lewy bodies presents in older patients (onset typically in 50-70 years of age), and is sporadic 1,2,7. …
HIV-associated dementia (HAD), previously referred to as AIDS dementia complex (ADC), corresponds to a neurological clinical syndrome seen in patients with HIV infection. The associated imaging appearance is generally referred to as HIV encephalopathy. Terminology The terms HIV dementia comple…
Right temporal variant frontotemporal dementia (rtvFTD) is a rare proposed subtype of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Clinical presentation Clinical features include 1,2: prosopagnosia (inability to recognize faces) this is very uncommon in other types of frontal temporal dementia episod…Synucleinopathies are a subgroup of neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by impairment of alpha-synuclein metabolism, resulting in abnormal intracellular deposits. They can further be divided into those with and those without the formation of Lewy bodies, although it should be noted that some overlap does exist 1,2,4:
Tauopathies are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by abnormal metabolism of misfolded τ (tau) proteins leading to intracellular accumulation and formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). These neurofibrillary tangles are deposited in the cytosol of neurons and glial cells.
The glymphatic pathway functionally represents the brain’s lymphatic system, although no anatomical structure equivalent to the peripheral lymphatic system is present within the brain parenchyma. It is likely to be an important homeostatic mechanism allowing the brain to maintain a stable extracellular milieu, by creating a pathway for the clearance of interstitial fluid and solutes.
Despite years of study, its exact function and importance remain controversial with many fundamental questions remaining unanswered 8.
Cerebral amyloid deposition diseases are a group of related conditions characterized by the accumulation of cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) in various parts of the central nervous system. They lead to inflammation, neurotoxicity, and vascular friability, and are typically encountered in the elderly.
Pseudodementiadescribes the phenomenon whereby a psychiatric condition may mimic the clinical presentation of dementia, generating cognitive symptoms (e.g. poor memory) that resolve when the condition is treated 1,2.
Behavioral variant frontotemporal lobar degeneration (bvFTLD), also known as behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), is one of the clinical neurodegenerative diseases associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is the pathological description of a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by focal atrophy of the frontal and/or temporal cortices. These results in variable clinical manifestations collectively known as frontotemporal dementia (FTD) syndromes.
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), also known as the Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome, comprises a group of related tauopathies and is considered a neurodegenerative disease with no efficacious treatment.
Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) is a common neurodegenerative disorder of elderly adults (usually >80 years old). It manifests clinically as amnestic dementia and pathologically as TDP-43 proteinopathy in limbic system structures such as the hippocampus.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy that is thought to result from mild repetitive head injury. The diagnosis can only be made by neuropathological examination.
Alzheimer disease* is a common neurodegenerative disease, responsible for 60-80% of all dementias, and imposing a significant burden on developed nations. It is associated with an accumulation and deposition of cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) and is the most common cerebral amyloid deposition disease.
*See and review Linking To And Excerpting From “Revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer’s disease: Alzheimer’s Association Workgroup”. Posted on December 3, 2024 by Tom Wade MD
